• What are the methods used to extract essential oil from plants?
  • The methods used to extract essential oil from these plants are; steam distillation (SD), solvent-assisted extraction, hydro distillation (HD), ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and solvent-free microwave extraction (Belhachat et al., 2018). Oil extraction techniques are classified as shown in Fig. 1.
  • How is essential oil extracted?
  • In this technique, solvents are mixed with plants sample and then mixture is moderately heated. Essential oils are extracted by filtration and evaporation of solvents. Resinoid, aroma and essential oil were found in the filtrate. Resinoid is mixed with alcohol to extract essential oil followed by distillation at low temperature.
  • What is the kinetic model for essential oil extraction from medicinal and aromatic plants?
  • Dual kinetic model for essential oil extraction from medicinal and aromatic plants is written as (Meziane et al., 2019): (13) q t = q ¡Þ [1 ? f e x p (? k 1 t) ? (1 ? f) e x p (? k 2 t)] Various studies have been performed on kinetic modeling of essential oil extraction from aromatic and medicinal plants as shown in Table 7 and Table 8. Table 7.
  • Can essential oil be extracted from Basil and epazote plants?
  • Cordoso-Ugarte et al. designed microwave assisted extraction (MAE) for extracting essential oil from basil and epazote plants. Results indicated that essential oil yields were affected by power, solvent quantity and heating time.
  • How to extract essential oil from Rosemary & oregano?
  • Moncada et al. used three extraction techniques (water distillation, solvent extraction and SFE) to extract essential oil from rosemary and oregano. This work used techno-economic analysis and environmental assessment for these extraction techniques.
  • How essential oils are extracted by steam distillation?
  • This technique extracted 93% of essential oils, and other methods were used to extract the remaining 7% (Radwan et al., 2020). First step in steam distillation is cutting of fully grown aromatic plants. These plants are left in a field for several days for drying purposes. Plant ¡®hay¡¯ material is prepared by chopping plants.