• What challenges does oil palm crop production face?
  • Conclusions Oil palm crop production faces many future challenges, including emerging threats from climate change and pests and diseases. The inevitability of climate change requires more effective international collaboration for its reduction.
  • What is a crude palm oil (CPO) industry?
  • A Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry needs quality control and assurance to win the competition. In reality, there are products that do not meet the company standards. It can be seen from the measurement of several indicators that exist in this CPO industry such as Free Fatty Acid (FFA) level, moisture and dirt level.
  • How sustainable is oil palm production?
  • The sustainability of oil palm production will depend in part on using cover crops, especially under suboptimal conditions. Leguminous cover crops are grown to (a) coexist with oil palm following jungle clearing and planting/replanting, (b) provide complete cover to an otherwise bare soil, and (c) protect from erosion.
  • Why is palm oil production so controversial?
  • Palm oil production (cultivating and milling) has become highly controversial because it leads to serious and often intertwined environmental and social problems such as destruction of tropical forests, climate change and threats to livelihoods (Oosterveer, 2015).
  • How can palm oil industry move towards Industry 4.0?
  • Adaptation of such technology may help to promote more initiatives from palm oil industry stakeholders to move towards Industry 4.0. Nevertheless, the system should uphold a proper security system to avoid leakage of sensitive information. This issue will be addressed with cybersecurity in Section 3.8. 3.4. Cloud computing-based implementation
  • How image processing technology can be used in palm oil processing?
  • Apart from oil palm plantation site, the implementation of image processing technology also can be applied in palm oil processing such as biodiesel refinery. One of the applications includes detection of defects on process equipment and product to improve the efficiency of maintenance activities and quality checking processes.