• What is a crude oil topping unit?
  • A Crude Oil Topping Unit is a simplified refinery and allows for distillation of crude into Naphtha, straight run kerosene, diesel and atmospheric residue (fuel oil). Pyramid E&C has complete value chain for design, supply and commissioning of Topping units complete with auxiliary and utility packages.
  • Will Japan have a low petroleum consumption in 2024?
  • In our Short-Term Energy Outlook, we forecast the lowest annual petroleum consumption in Japan in 2024 since at least 1980, in part due to its aging and declining population. Japan¡¯s reduced consumption is already affecting its refining industry.
  • What type of reactor is used in a petroleum refinery?
  • Process reactors in a petroleum refinery can either be solid stainless steel (above), clad, or protected with a weld overlay (below), such as might be used in an HDS reactor. Commonly used are Types 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 329, 410, 405 and 330. In the future, 26-1, 6X, Nitronic 50, 29-4-2 should find occasional applications,
  • Can oil refinery modelling save GtCO2e to 2100?
  • We used bottom-up engineering-based refinery modelling on crude oils representing 93% of 2015 global refining throughput. On the basis of projected oil consumption under 2?¡ãC scenarios, the industry could save 56¨C79?GtCO2e to 2100 by targeting primary emission sources.
  • How much of Japan’s refinery capacity will be closed in 2023?
  • These closures represent 7% of the country¡¯s refinery capacity. We forecast consumption of petroleum products in Japan will decline by 3% between 2023 and 2024 to 3.3 million b/d.
  • Does OPEC produce 40% of global crude oil?
  • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) produces 40% of global crude oil, and refining crudes originating from OPEC regions generates 40% of worldwide refining emissions. Extended Data Fig. 9 Crude-level volume-weighted-average refining CI curve in 2015 (by crude quality). Curve is sorted by increasing CI (kg CO 2 eq bbl ?1).