• Does roasting affect volatiles of palm kernel oil?
  • Effect of roasting on volatiles of palm kernel oil (PKO) was studied. Volatiles changed dramatically in type and amount after roasting. Pyrazines, furans, pyrans and cyclic ketones were key volatiles in roasted PKO. Maillard and caramelisation reactions enhanced PKO aroma.
  • How does a palm kernel oilcake work?
  • The expelled kernel oil flows through the slots distributed over the barrel circumference. The oilcake leaves the extraction machine through an adjustable cone and is then delivered to the second pressing Because of their high oil content, Palm kernels have to be subjected to 2 stage pressing for maximum oil yield.
  • Why are there no case studies of palm oil production in Africa?
  • In contrast, few case studies were found in Africa despite the continent being the origin of palm oil cultivation. The low number of case studies in Africa could result from a combination of low yield in palm oil and lack of capacity in researching and reporting on impact.
  • Is oil palm cultivation a good investment for rural communities?
  • In addition, oil palm cultivation presents entrepreneurial opportunities for rural communities (Asmit and Koesrindartoto, 2015). This study found many positive impacts reported including income generation (33%) and employment (19%).
  • Are smallholders threatening the sustainability of palm oil production?
  • Other studies point out that uptake of ¡°good¡± agricultural practices among smallholders is low, threatening the sustainability of palm oil production (Donough et al., 2009). This study has shown that both smallholders and agro-industries have negative impacts that should be acted upon.
  • Why is palm oil production so controversial?
  • Palm oil production (cultivating and milling) has become highly controversial because it leads to serious and often intertwined environmental and social problems such as destruction of tropical forests, climate change and threats to livelihoods (Oosterveer, 2015).