• What is the process of palm oil refining?
  • The process of palm oil refining is far from simple; it involves a series of critical steps. From deacidification and decolorization to impurity removal, each step significantly influences the final product’s quality. Degumming: This initial stage involves the removal of gums, phospholipids, and other impurities from the crude palm oil.
  • Why is palm oil refining important?
  • Furthermore, the refining process of palm oil is critical for maintaining its quality and extending its application range. It removes unwanted compounds while preserving beneficial components such as tocopherols [12, 13, 14, 15].
  • How is palm oil processed?
  • Palm oil processing involves several key steps, including harvesting, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and refining. These processes are crucial for maintaining the quality and extending the application range of palm oil. The refining process removes unwanted compounds while preserving beneficial components such as tocopherols.
  • Is palm oil sustainable?
  • Palm oil, derived from Elaeis guineensis, is a critical component of the global edible oil and industrial fat market. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sustainability of the palm oil chain, focusing on industrial applications, environmental implications, and economic sustainability.
  • What are the critical aspects of palm oil sustainability?
  • This review highlights the critical aspects of palm oil sustainability, processing, and utilization. Palm oil processing involves several key steps, including harvesting, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and refining. These processes are crucial for maintaining the quality and extending the application range of palm oil.
  • Which catalyst produces the best palm oil product selectivity?
  • The results of this study show that the 5%Ni¨CFe/ZSM-5/SAPO-11 catalyst produced the best performance in terms of palm oil product selectivity of 81.81 % and jet fuel yield of 81.74 %. The addition of Ni and Fe metals has an impact on increasing H 2 uptake and active sites on metals.