• How are vegetable oil prices modeled in Indonesia?
  • The demand for vegetable oils is modeled using Deaton and model of consumer demand (see Annex B). Total expenditure per capita devoted Indonesia). All prices are deflated by the Indonesian Consumer Price Index. an endogenously-determinedindex of vegetable oil prices. The shares are then derive domestic demand for coconut oil and palm oil.
  • Why is palm oil production increasing in Indonesia?
  • growth and policies that promote the use of palm and other oils in biofuels. Due to this, palm oil production in Indonesia has increased by 400 percent over the past two decades (Figure 3). One of the main driving factors that has led to the production increase is acrea
  • Which vegetable oil is used for food in Indonesia?
  • Palm oil is the most important vegetable oil used for food in Indonesia; it is used twice as much as soybean and 4 times more than peanut oil [Citation 14]. The domestic use of palm oil for food has increased by 20% since 2011, and reached 5.5 Mtonne in 2014 [Citation 14, Citation 33].
  • How much land does Indonesia use for palm oil?
  • In 2014, Indonesia used 10.6 million hectares (Mha) of land for palm oil production [Citation 14] compared to 5.3 Mha in 2003, thus doubling the planted area in a decade. Indonesia had 92.4 Mha of forest area and 57 Mha of agricultural area in 2013 [Citation 15]. Oil palm occupied around 18% of the agricultural land.
  • Can private sector regulate sustainable palm oil industry in Indonesia?
  • This paper highlights the overlap between private sector and the state in regulating the sustainability of palm oil industry in Indonesia through the presence of two diferent certification schemes: the voluntary, global market-driven Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and the mandatory, state-driven Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO).
  • How much palm oil is used for food in Indonesia?
  • The domestic use of palm oil for food has increased by 20% since 2011, and reached 5.5 Mtonne in 2014 [Citation 14, Citation 33]. The demand of palm oil for food is expected to continue increasing, together with population and gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Indonesia [Citation 34].