• Where is Zaanlandse oil refinery located?
  • Situated on the banks of river Zaan, near Amsterdam in The Netherlands, the Zaanlandse Oil Refinery (ZOR) has been refining oils on site since 1930. Historically an industrial region, windmills were originally used to crush grain, seeds and beans and to saw wood. Today, the area is synonymous with the food processing industry.
  • How is oil processed in the Netherlands?
  • In the Netherlands, crushing is only performed for rapeseed, sunflower and soybean oil. Palm fruits require processing into crude oil within 24 hours of harvesting and, therefore, processing takes place on or near the local plantation (Sridhar & AdeOluwa, 2009). Oil refining takes place in all Dutch vegetable oil companies.
  • Who makes rapeseed & soybean oil in Amsterdam?
  • The soybean refinery in Amsterdam was built in 1968 and belonged initially to Cargill until they sold it to Bunge in 2016 (Bron, 2016). The current annual production capacity of the factory is 760,000 tonnes rapeseed and soybean oil which is produced mostly in the ratio of 90/10, respectively (Kasper, 2018).
  • Can a corporatist model be applied to Dutch oil refining?
  • The corporatist model can be applied well to the case of Dutch oil refining. The situation we have here is quite clear. There are formal structures, in which the main actor is the government, while oil refining companies and environmental groups try to co-operate and to react to government actions.
  • What is the material usage of soybean?
  • The material usage of soybean is the equal to the refining step of rapeseed and can be seen in Appendix A together with the inputs and outputs of the oil modification processes. For the production of final palm oil, only the refining and oil modification stage are executed within the Netherlands.
  • Where does oil refining take place?
  • Oil refining takes place in all Dutch vegetable oil companies. Refining consists of three main processes: neutralisation, bleaching and deodorisation (NBD). Oil modification is performed to obtain certain characteristics that are required for specific final products.