• Which vegetable oil & fat companies are decarbonised in the Netherlands?
  • The decarbonisation options and parameters are explicitly not verified by the companies. In this report, four vegetable oil and fat companies in the Netherlands are studied: ADM, Bunge, Cargill and Sime Darby Unimills. These four companies, together, have 7 production sites that emit more than 10 kilotonnes (kt) CO2 per year.
  • What is the vegetable oil and fat sector in the Netherlands?
  • The total vegetable oil and fat sector in the Netherlands is responsible for 11.8 million tonnes of imported goods and exports 6 million tonnes of products in 2013 (MVO, 2014). These products are oilseeds, oils or fats.
  • How is oil processed in the Netherlands?
  • In the Netherlands, crushing is only performed for rapeseed, sunflower and soybean oil. Palm fruits require processing into crude oil within 24 hours of harvesting and, therefore, processing takes place on or near the local plantation (Sridhar & AdeOluwa, 2009). Oil refining takes place in all Dutch vegetable oil companies.
  • Is decarbonisation possible in the Dutch oil and fat industry?
  • Lastly, the feasibility and requirements of the given decarbonisation options are discussed in Section 5. The Dutch oil and fat industry is one of the main players in the production and refining of oilseeds into fats and oils in Europe. Except from cultivation, all processes for the manufacturing of oil and fat occurs within the Netherlands.
  • What is the decarbonisation of the Dutch biofuels industry?
  • The decarbonisation of the Dutch biofuels industry is covered in another MIDDEN report (Khandelwal & Van Dril, 2020). The oil and fat products are manufactured mainly in the areas around the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, due to logistic reasons.
  • What makes Dutch oil and gas companies more sustainable?
  • As the sector navigates towards a more sustainable energy landscape, Dutch oil and gas companies, such as Shell and NAM BV Assen, are focusing on technological advancements, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability.