• What are the different types of farms in Kuwait?
  • The range of technologies is categorized under PA, starting from conventional plastic tunnels (low cost) to high-cost hydroponic and high-tech Greenhouses. In Kuwait, the large size farms are mainly specialized in date palms production and PA (Zekri and Zaibet 2019). Farms typology in Kuwait is described in Table 15.2.
  • How to improve soil quality in Kuwait?
  • Under Kuwait conditions, use of soil amendments, balanced fertilizers, tillage practices, water management, and crop rotation are the key to SSM. Avoiding these practices may lead to reduced soil quality to provide functions for optimum crop production.
  • What is pepper seed oil?
  • Pepper seed oil is a high-quality edible oil according to quality analysis (nutritional, chemical, sensory and antioxidant characteristics) and is suitable as an ingredient for use in the food and nonfood industries (pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic industries).
  • How much oil is in pepper seeds?
  • According to the Capsicum annuum pepper seed oil content in Table 1, El-Adaway and Taha [ 16] found that seeds had an oil content of 25.6%, while Azabou et al. [ 10] found lower values of oil (11%), similar to the study of Konscek et al. (9¨C12%) [ 32 ].
  • How to extract red pepper oil from seeds?
  • Chouaibi et al. (2019) extracted the oil from seeds of red pepper using four different extraction methods such as cold press extraction (CP), soxhlet extraction (SE), supercritical CO 2 extraction (SCE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).
  • Is pepper seed oil good quality?
  • Pepper seed oil obtained by cold pressing showed potential for culinary usage, and its nutritional quality can be compared to more expensive vegetable oils on the market. The aim of this review paper is to reveal the literature data on the quality of two pepper by-products (oil and seed flour).