• Can palm kernel oil be extracted supercritically?
  • Some researchers have reported the supercritical fluid extraction of palm kernel oil from palm kernel, obtaining yields up to 49.9% (Norulaini et al., 2004; Zaidul et al., 2007).
  • What are the optimum conditions for palm kernel oil extraction?
  • In the work of Hossain et al. (2016), the optimum conditions of palm kernel oil extraction were pressure of 44.6 MPa, temperature of 60¡ãC and extraction time of 50 min, whose yield was approximately 49.2%. A typical SFE apparatus is shown in Figure 2. 2 fatty acids.
  • How much palm kernel oil is produced per hectare?
  • It also presents production of approximately 10% of the total palm oil, being able to reach 0.4 to 0.6 MT of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) per hectare (Sunilkumar et al., 2015). With such expressive production, this crop generates challenges to balance the increase of yields with the deforestation reduction.
  • What is the difference between palm oil extraction and palm kernel extraction?
  • The extraction procedure of oil from the palm kernel is distinct from the palm oil extraction. The palm kernel is the true seed of the palm fruit, hence it shares similar properties and processing or milling equipment with oil seeds such as shea nuts, groundnuts, rapeseed, cottonseed, or coconut copra.
  • What is palm kernel oil?
  • Palm kernel is an oleaginous seed found in Elaeis guineenses Jacq. fruits. Historically, the demand for its grains was much higher than that for oil, due to its high consumption. Progressively, the export of grains increased considerably along with the demand for palm kernel oil, beginning their exports around 1832.
  • Why is palm kernel oil important to the environment?
  • Of African origin and with an estimated world production of 6.85 million tons, palm kernel oil contributes about 3% of the total world production of oils and fats. With such production, the world waste generation was about 10,026 ¡Á 103 tons in 2017, which represents an important environment issue.