• What is chemical refining of vegetable oil?
  • Chemical refining of vegetable oil involves degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Table 1 summarizes the parameters used in the chemical refining process of vegetable oils and the findings from previous studies. Table 1. Summary of application of chemical refining in different vegetable oils. 98.9% reduction of FFA.
  • Is Physical refining better than chemical refining for vegetable oil?
  • The effects of process conditions on standard quality parameters and the nutritional quality of the oil are well documented in the literature [5, 19, 71, 72]. In conclusion, physical refining offers great several advantages over chemical refining for vegetable oils (Table 2).
  • What is the purpose of the optimized refining process for vegetable oil?
  • The purpose of the optimized refining process for each vegetable oil is to maximize the elimination of undesirable materials and minimize the degradation of desirable components (phenolics, tocopherols and phytosterols) and the loss of oils simultaneously (Chew et al., 2018; Chew and Nyam, 2019 ).
  • Which vegetable oil is not suitable for Physical refining?
  • Thus, the oil with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is not suitable to undergo the physical refining process as high temperature involved. Physical refining is more appropriate for vegetable oils with low phospholipids content like coconut oil, palm oil, and safflower oil (Chew and Nyam, 2019 ).
  • What is edible oil refining?
  • Every stage of the refining process has its function to remove particular undesirable compounds that improve the quality of the oils. The implementation of ultrasound technology has attracted interest in edible oil refining as an alternative method to the conventional degumming and bleaching processes.
  • What is chemical refining of oil?
  • Chemical Refining of Oil Chemical refining is the traditional method used since ancient times. It can be used for all fats and oils even when they have been slightly degraded. Each step of the refining process has specific functions for removing some undesirable compounds.